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Contents lists available at ScienceDirect
Journal of Functional Foods
journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/jff
Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) sprouts containing supranutritional levels of selenium decrease tumor growth of colon cancer cells xenografted in immune-suppressed mice 
T
Daniela Guardado-Félixa,b, Marilena Antunes-Ricardob, María R. Rocha-Pizañab,c, Ana-Carolina Martínez-Torresd, Janet A. Gutiérrez-Uribeb,c, , Sergio O. Serna Saldivarb,
a Programa Regional de Posgrado en Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, FCQB-UAS, AP 1354, C.P. 80000 Culiacán, Sinaloa, Mexico b Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Centro de Biotecnología FEMSA, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, C.P. 64849 Monterrey, NL, Mexico c Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Campus Puebla, Vía Atlixcáyotl 2301, Reserva Territorial Atlixcáyotl, C.P. 72453 Puebla, Pue, Mexico d Department of Immunology and Virology, Biological Sciences Faculty, Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon, San Nicolas de los Garza C.P. 66455, N.L, Mexico
Keywords:
Chickpea
Colon cancer
Isoflavonoids
Selenium
Xenograft 
The effect of selenium enriched chickpea sprouts with and without isoflavonoids (IS) on colorectal cancer (CRC)
tumor growth was evaluated in immune-suppressed mice xenografted. Two levels of selenium (0.17 and 2.29 µg/
g) and isoflavonoids (0 and 2.34 mg/g) were evaluated in the diets. High intake of Se (2.29 µg/g) with and without isoflavonoids increased glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and tioredoxin reductase (TrxR) activities, cho-lesterol (CHOL), triglycerides (TRIGL) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels and decreased significantly the tumor growth. Diet containing selenium at 2.29 µg/g and isoflavonoids at 2.34 mg/g levels promoted apoptosis through the overexpression of Fas cell surface death receptor (Fas). High selenium levels in chickpea sprouts exert chemopreventive effects mediated mainly by the antioxidant protection of glutathione peroxidase. Selenized chickpea sprouts represent an excellent source of dietary selenium and isoflavonoids with chemopreventive potential and could be potentially used in the treatment of colorectal cancer.